Efficacy in Stuttering Treatment

The following bibliography of treatment efficacy for stuttering combines bibliographies from three resources,

  • Treatment Efficacy Bibliography from the American Speech-Language and Hearing Association.
  • Examples of Evidence Based Practice in Speech Pathology from the Australian Centre for Evidence-Based Practice in Speech Pathology
  • Selected references in research methods compiled by Nan Ratner

To provide additional help in researching these topics, hotlinks have been made to all the articles for which abstracts could be found in the MEDLINE database.

To obtain full-text for JSLHR, AJSLP, LSHSS and the ASHA Leader, go to ASHA web. Free to ASHA members.

IFA members receive free full-text to Journal of Fluency Disorders (see http://www.theifa.org/).


  • Andrews, G. (1984). The epidemiology of stuttering. In R. Curlee & W. Perkins (Eds.), Nature and treatment of stuttering (pp. 1-12). San Diego, CA: College Hill.
  • Andrews, G., & Dozsa, M. (1977). Haloperidol and the treatment of stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders2, 217-224.
  • Andrews, G., Craig, A., Feyer, A. M., Hoddinott, S., Howie, P., & Neilson, M. (1983). Stuttering: A review of research findings and theories circa 1982Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders48, 226-246.
  • Andrews, G., Guitar, B., & Howie, P. (1980). Meta-analysis of the effects of stuttering treatmentJournal of Speech and Hearing Disorders45, 287-307.
  • Ansel, B. M. (1993). Treatment efficacy research in stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 18(2-3), 121-123.
  • Asatiani NM, Kalacheva IO, Baranova MA. [Role of psychotherapy in the complex treatment of children who stutter] Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 1981;81(10):1544-7. Russian.
  • Baer, D. (1990). The critical issue in treatment efficacy is knowing why treatment was applied: A student's response to Roger Ingham. In L. Olswang (Ed.), Treatment efficacy research in communication disorders (pp. 31-39). Rockville, MD: American Speech-Language-Hearing Foundation.
  • Beitchman, J., Nair, R., Clegg, M., & Patel, P. (1986). Prevalence of speech and language disorders in 5-year-old kindergarten children in the Ottawa-Carleton regionJournal of Speech and Hearing Disorders51, 98-110.
  • Bernstein Ratner, N. (2005). Evidence-based practice in stuttering: Some questions to consider. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 30 (3), 163-188.
  • Bloch, E. L., & Goodstein, L. D. (1971). Functional speech disorders and personality: A decade of researchJournal of Speech and Hearing Disorders36, 295-314.
  • Blood, G. (1993). Treatment efficacy in adults who stutter: Review and recommendations Journal of Fluency Disorders18, 303-318.
  • Blood, G. (1995). POWER2: Relapse management with adolescents who stutter. Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools26, 169-179.
  • Blood GW. A behavioral-cognitive therapy program for adults who stutter: computers and counseling. J Commun Disord. 1995 Jun;28(2):165-80.
  • Blood, G., & Conture, E. (in press). Fluency disorders. In C. Frattali (Ed.), Outcome measurement in speech-language pathology. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
  • Bloodstein, O. (1987). A handbook on stuttering (4th ed.). Chicago: National Easter Seal Society.
  • Bloodstein, O. (1995). A handbook on stuttering (5th ed.). San Diego: Singular Publishing Group, Inc.
  • Boehmler, R. (1958). Listener responses to non-fluencies. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research1, 132-141.
  • Bothe, A. K. (2003). Evidence-based treatment of stuttering: V. The art of clinical practice and the future of clinical research. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 28 (3), 247-258.
  • Bothe, A.K. 2004 In: A.K. Bothe, Editor, Evidence-based treatment of stuttering: Empirical bases and clinical applications, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
  • Bothe, A. K., Davidow, J. H., Bramlett, R. E., & Ingham, R. J. (2006). Stuttering treatment research 1970-2005: I. Systematic review incorporating trial quality assessment of behavioral, cognitive, and related approaches. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 15 321-341.
  • Brady, J. (1991). The pharmacology of stuttering: A critical reviewAmerican Journal of Psychiatry148, 1309-1316.
  • Brundage, S. B., Bothe, A. K., Lengeling, A. N., & Evans, J. J. (2006). Comparing judgments of stuttering made by students, clinicians, and highly experienced judges. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 31 (4), 271-283.
  • Cassar MC, Neilson MD. Workplace in fluency management: factoring the workplace into fluency management. Semin Speech Lang. 1997;18(4):371-89.
  • Collins, C., & Blood, G. (1990). Acknowledgment and severity of stuttering as factors influencing nonstutterers' perceptions of occupational competenceJournal of Speech and Hearing Disorders55, 75-81.
  • Conture, E. (1990a). Childhood stuttering: What is it and who does it? In J. Cooper (Ed.), Research needs in stuttering: Roadblocks and future directions (ASHA Reports 18, pp. 2-14). Rockville, MD: American-Speech-Language-Hearing Association.
  • Conture, E. (1990b). Stuttering (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
  • Conture, E.G. (1996) Treatment efficacy: stutteringJournal of Speech and Hearing Research 39(5), S18-26.
  • Conture, E., & Guitar, B. (1993). Evaluating efficacy of treatment of stuttering: School-age children. Journal of Fluency Disorders18, 253-287.
  • Conture, E., & Wolk, L. (1990). Efficacy of intervention by speech-language pathologists: Stuttering. Seminars in Speech and Language11, 200-211.
  • Conture, EG (October 1996). Treatment Efficacy: Stuttering. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 39 S18-S26.
  • Cordes, A., & Ingham, R. (1995). Stuttering includes both within-word and between-word disfluenciesJournal of Speech and Hearing Research38, 382-386.
  • Cordes, A. K., & Ingham, R. J. (1996). Disfluency types and stuttering measurement: A necessary connection? Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 39 (2), 404-405.
  • Cordes, A., Ingham, R., Frank, P., & Ingham, J. (1992). Time-interval analysis of interjudge and intrajudge agreement for stuttering event judgmentsJournal of Speech and Hearing Research35, 483-494.
  • Costa D, Kroll R. Stuttering: an update for physicians. CMAJ. 2000 Jun 27;162(13):1849-55.
  • Craig AR. Fluency outcomes following treatment for those who stutter. Percept Mot Skills. 2002 Jun;94(3 Pt 1):772-4.
  • Craig, A., & Andrews, G. (1985). The prediction and prevention of relapse in stutteringBehavior Modification9, 427-442.
  • Craig, A., & Calvert, P. (1991). Following up on treated stutterers: Studies of perception of fluency and job status. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research34, 279-284.
  • Craig, A., Franklin, J., & Andrews, G. (1984). A scale to measure locus of control of behaviorBritish Journal of Medical Psychology57, 173-180.
  • Curlee, R. (1981). Observer agreement on stuttering and disfluencyJournal of Speech and Hearing Research24, 595-600.
  • Curlee, R. (1993). Evaluating treatment efficacy for adults: Assessment of stuttering disability. Journal of Fluency Disorders18, 319-331.
  • Curlee, R., & Bahill, T. (1993). Childhood stuttering: A second opinion. Tucson, AZ: Bahill Intelligent Computer Systems.
  • Daly, D., Simon, C., & Burnett-Stolnack, M. (1995). Helping adolescents who stutter focus on fluency. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools26, 162-168.
  • Darley, F. L. (1955). The relationship of parental attitudes and adjustments to the development of stuttering. In W. Johnson and R. R. Leutenegger (Eds.), Stuttering in children and adults (pp. 74-153 ). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
  • DeNil, L., & Brutten, G. (1991). Speech-associated attitudes of stuttering and nonstuttering children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research34, 60-66.
  • DiLollo, A. & Wolter, J. (2004, June 8). Qualitative research in communication disorders. The ASHA Leader, pp. 4-5, 16-17.
  • Dollaghan, C. A. (2004). Evidence-based practice in communication disorders: what do we know, and when do we know it? Journal of Communication Disorders, 37 (5), 391-400.
  • Dorland, W. A. N. (1988). Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary (27th ed.). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
  • Eve, C.L., Onslow, M., Andrews, C., & Adams, R. (1995) Clinical measurement of early stuttering severity: the reliability of a 10-point scale. Australian Journal of Human Communication Disorders 23(2), 26-39.
  • Fiez, J. A. (2001). Neuroimaging studies of speech: An overview of techniques and methodological approaches. Journal of Communication Disorders, 34 (6), 445-454.
  • Finn, P. (2003). Evidence-based treatment of stuttering: II. Clinical significance of behavioral stuttering treatments. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 28 (3), 209-218.
  • Finn P, Ingham RJ. Stutterers' self-ratings of how natural speech sounds and feels. J Speech Hear Res. 1994 Apr;37(2):326-40.
  • Fosnot, S. (1993). Research design for examining treatment efficacy in fluency disorders. Journal of Fluency Disorders18, 221-251.
  • Franken, M. (1987). Perceptual and acoustic evaluation of stuttering therapy. In H. Peters and W. Hulstijn (Eds.), Speech motor dynamics in stuttering (pp. 285-294). Wien/New York: Springer-Verlag.
  • Franken, M-C. J., Van der Schalk, C. J. K., & Boelens, H. (2005). Experimental treatment of early stuttering: A preliminary study. Journal of Fluency Disorders, Vol 30(3), 189-199.
  • Gilger, J. W. (1995). Behavioral genetics: Concepts for research and practice in language development and disorders. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 38 (5), 1126-1142.
  • Gillespie, S. K., & Cooper, E. B. (1973). Prevalence of speech problems in junior and senior high schoolsJournal of Speech and Hearing Research16, 739-743.
  • Golper, L. C., Wertz, R. T., & Brown, K. E. (2006, April 11). Back to basics: Reading research literature. The ASHA Leader, 11 (5), 10-11, 28, 34-35.
  • Gottwald, S., & Starkweather, C. (1995). Fluency intervention for preschoolers and their families in the public schools. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools26, 117-126.
  • Howie, P., & Andrews, G. (1984). Treatment of adult stutterers: Managing fluency. In R. Curlee and W. Perkins (Eds.), Nature and treatment of stuttering (pp. 424-445). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed Publishers.
  • Hull, F. (1969). National Speech and Hearing Survey (U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Project No. 5097, Grant No. OE-32-15-0050-5010). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • Hurst, M., & Cooper, G. (1983). Employer attitudes towards stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders8, 1-12.
  • Ingham, J. C. (1993). Current status of stuttering and behavior modification-I: Recent trends in the application of behavior modification in children and adults. Journal of Fluency Disorders18, 27-55.
  • Ingham, J. C. (2003). Evidence-based treatment of stuttering: I. Definition and application. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 28 (3), 197-207.

     

  • Ingham JC, Riley G. Guidelines for documentation of treatment efficacy for young children who stutter. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 1998 Aug;41(4):753-70.
  • Ingham, R. (1982). The effects of self-evaluation training on maintenance and generalization during stuttering treatmentJournal of Speech and Hearing Disorders47, 271-280
  • Ingham, R. (1984). Stuttering and behavior therapy. San Diego: College-Hill Press.
  • Ingham, R. (1990). Research on stuttering treatment for adults and adolescents: A perspective on how to overcome a malaise. In J. Cooper (Ed.), Research needs in stuttering: Roadblocks and future directions (ASHA Reports 18, pp. 91-97). Rockville, MD: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.
  • Ingham, R. J. (1993). Stuttering treatment efficacy: Paradigm dependent or independent? Journal of Fluency Disorders, 18 (2-3), 133-149.
  • Ingham, R. J. (1997). Valid distinctions between findings obtained from single-subject and group studies of stuttering: Some reflections on Kalinowski et al. (1995). Journal of Fluency Disorders, 22 (1), 51-56.
  • Ingham, R. J. (2001). Brain imaging studies of developmental stuttering. Journal of Communication Disorders, 34 (6), 493-516.
  • Ingham, R., Cordes, A., & Finn, P. (1993). Time-interval measurement of stuttering: Systematic replication of Ingham, Cordes, & GowJournal of Speech and Hearing Research36, 1168-1176.
  • Ingham, R., Ingham, J., Onslow, M., & Finn, P. (1989). Stutterers' self-ratings of speech naturalness: Assessing effects and reliabilityJournal of Speech and Hearing Research32, 419-431.
  • Ingham RJ, Kilgo M, Ingham JC, Moglia R, Belknap H, Sanchez T. Evaluation of a stuttering treatment based on reduction of short phonation intervals. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2001 Dec;44(6):1229-44.
  • James JE, Ricciardelli LA, Hunter CE, Rogers P. Relative efficacy of intensive and spaced behavioral treatment of stuttering. Behav Modif. 1989 Jul;13(3):376-95.
  • Jones, M., Gebski, V., Onslow, M., & Packman, A. (2001). Design of randomized controlled trials: Principles and methods applied to a treatment for early stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 26 (4), 247-267.
  • Jones, M., Gebski, V., Onslow, M., & Packman, A. (2002). Statistical power in stuttering research: A tutorial. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 45 (3), 493.
  • Kelly, E., & Conture, E. (1991). Intervention with school-age stutterers: A parent-child fluency group approach. Seminars in Speech and Language12, 309-322.
  • Kully, D., & Langevin, M. (2005, Oct. 18). Evidence-based practice in fluency disorders. The ASHA Leader, pp. 10-11, 23.
  • Kully, D., & Boberg, E. (1991). Therapy for school-age children. In W. Perkins (Ed.), Seminars in speech and language: Stuttering: Challenges of therapy. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers.
  • Ladouceur R, Caron C, Caron G. Stuttering severity and treatment outcome. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1989 Mar;20(1):49-56.
  • Ladouceur R, Martineau G. Evaluation of regulated-breathing method with and without parental assistance in the treatment of child stutterers. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1982 Dec;13(4):301-6.
  • Langevin, M., & Kully, D. (2003). Evidence-based treatment of stuttering: III. Evidence-based practice in a clinical setting. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 28 (3), 219-236.
  • Lass, N., Ruscello, D., Pannbacker, M., Schmitt, J., Kiser, A., Mussa, A., & Lockhart, P. (1994). School administrators' perceptions of people who stutter. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in the Schools25, 90-94.
  • Lees RM. Of what value is a measure of the stutterer's fluency? Folia Phoniatr Logop. 1994;46(5):223-31.
  • Lewis, K. E. (1994). Reporting observer agreement on stuttering event judgments: A survey and evaluation of current practice. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 19 (4), 269-284.
  • Lincoln, MA & Onslow, M. (1997) Long-term outcome of early intervention for stuttering. American Journal of Speech Language Pathology 6(1), 51-8.
  • Lincoln, M., Onslow, M., Lewis, C., & Wilson, L. (1996) A clinical trial of an operant treatment for school-age children who stutter. American Journal of Speech Language Pathology, 5(2), 73-85.
  • Lyon, J. (1992). Communication use and participation in life for adults with aphasia: The scope of the problem. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology1, 1-14.
  • MacDonald, J., & Martin, R. (1973). Stuttering and disfluency as two reliable and unambiguous response classesJournal of Speech and Hearing Research16, 691-699.
  • Maguire GA, Riley GD, Franklin DL, Gottschalk LA. Risperidone for the treatment of stuttering. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000 Aug;20(4):479-82.
  • Martin, R., & Haroldson, S. (1982). Contingent self-stimulation for stutteringJournal of Speech and Hearing Disorders47, 407-413.
  • Max, L., & Onghena, P. (1999). Some issues in the statistical analysis of completely randomized and repeated measures designs for speech, language, and hearing research. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 42 (2), 261-270.
  • Meline, T., & Schmitt, J. F. (1997). Case studies for evaluating statistical significance in group designs. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 6 (1), 33-41.
  • Miller, S., & Watson, B. (1992). The relationship between communication attitude, anxiety, and depression in stutterers and nonstutterersJournal of Speech and Hearing Research35, 789-798.
  • Moscicki, E. K. (1993). Fundamental methodological considerations in controlled clinical trials. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 18 (2-3), 183-196.
  • Mowrer, D. E. (1998). Commentaries: alternative research strategies for the investigation of stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 23 (2), 89-97.
  • Nelson, P., & Goffman, L. (2006, May 2). Primer on research: Developing a research question. The ASHA Leader, 11 (6), 15, 26.
  • Oller, D. K. (2006, Nov. 7). Primer on research: Interpretation of correlation. The ASHA Leader, 11 (15), 24-26.
  • Olswang, L. B. (1990). Treatment efficacy: The breadth of research. In L. B. Olswang, C. K. Thompson, S. F. Warren, & N. J. Minghetti (Eds.), Treatment efficacy research in communication disorders (pp.99-104). Rockville, MD: American Speech-Language-Hearing Foundation.
  • Olswang, L. B. (1993). Treatment efficacy research: A paradigm for investigating clinical practice and theory. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 18 (2-3), 125-131.
  • Onslow, M. (1992). Choosing a treatment procedure for early stuttering: Issues and future directions. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research35, 983-993.
  • Onslow, M. (2003). Evidence-based treatment of stuttering: IV. Empowerment through evidence-based treatment practices. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 28 (3), 237-245.
  • Onslow, M., Andrews, C., & Lincoln, M. (1994). A control/experimental trial of an operant treatment for early stutteringJournal of Speech and Hearing Research37, 1244-1259.
  • Onslow, M., Costa, L., Andrews, C., Harrison, E., & Packman, A. (1996) Speech outcomes of a prolonged-speech treatment for stutteringJournal of Speech and Hearing Research 39(4), 734-49.
  • Onslow, M., Costa, L., & Rue, S. (1990). Direct early intervention with stuttering: Some preliminary dataJournal of Speech and Hearing Disorders55, 405-416.
  • Onslow, M., Menzies, R., & Packman, A. (2000) The Lidcomb Program: Development of a parent-conducted operant early intervention for stuttering. Behaviour Modification, 24, 658-681.
  • Onslow, M., & Packman, A. (1999) Recovery from early stuttering with and without treatment: The need for consistent methods in collecting and interpreting data. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 42, 398-401.
  • Onslow, M. & Packman, A. (in press) The Lidcomb Program of early stuttering intervention: Awaiting the results of a randomised controlled trial. Asia Pacific Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing.
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  • Peters, T., & Guitar, B. (1991). Stuttering: An integrated approach to its nature and treatment. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
  • Plante, E. (2001). Neuroimaging in communication sciences and disorders: An introduction. Journal of Communication Disorders, 34 (6), 441-443.
  • Plante, E. (2004). Evidence based practice in communication sciences and disorders. Journal of Communication Disorders, 37 (5), 389-390.
  • Prins, D. (1991). Theories of stuttering as event and disorder: Implications for speech production processes. In H. Peters, W. Hulstijn, & C. W. Starkweather (Eds.), Speech motor control and stuttering (pp. 571-580). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier.
  • Prins, D. (1993). Models for treatment efficacy studies of adult stutterers. Journal of Fluency Disorders18, 333-350.
  • Purser, H. (1987). The psychology of treatment evaluation studies. In L. Rustin, H. Purser, & D. Rowley (Eds.), Progress in the treatment of fluency disorders (pp. 258-273). London: Taylor & Francis.
  • Ratner, N. B. (2005). Evidence-based practice in stuttering: Some questions to consider. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 30(3), 163-188.
  • Robey, R. R. (2004). A five-phase model for clinical-outcome research. Journal of Communication Disorders, 37 (5), 401-411.
  • Robey, R. R., & Dalebout, S. D. (1998). A tutorial on conducting meta-analyses of clinical outcome research. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 41 (6), 1227-1241.
  • Riley, G. (1980). Stuttering severity instrument for young children (Rev. ed.). Tigard, OR: C. C. Publications.
  • Riley, G., & Riley, J. (1981). Stuttering Prediction Instrument for Young Children. Tigard, OR: C. C. Publications.
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  • Ruscello, D., Lass, N., Schmitt, J., & Pannbacker, M. (1994). Special educator's perceptions of stutterers. Journal of Fluency Disorders19, 125-132.
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  • Ryan, B., & Van Kirk Ryan, B. (1995). Programmed stuttering treatment for children: Comparison of two establishment programs through transfer, maintenance, and follow-upJournal of Speech and Hearing Research38, 61-75.
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  • Schwartz, H. (1993). Adolescents who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders18, 289-302.
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  • Silverman, F., & Paynter, K. (1990). Impact of stuttering on perception of occupational competence. Journal of Fluency Disorders15, 87-92.
  • Starkweather, C. (1993). Issues in the efficacy of treatment for fluency disorders. Journal of Fluency Disorders18, 151-168.
  • Starkweather, C., Gottwald, S., & Halfond, M. (1990). Stuttering prevention: A clinical method. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Starkweather, C. W. (1999). The effectiveness of stuttering therapy: An issue for science? In N. B. Ratner & E. C. Healey (Eds.), Stuttering research and practice: Bridging the gap (pp. 231-244). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
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  • Tetnowski, J. A., & Damico, J. S. (2001). A demonstration of the advantages of qualitative methodologies in stuttering research. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 26 (1), 17-42.
  • Thomas, C., & Howell, P. (2001). Assessing efficacy of stuttering treatments. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 26 (4), 311-333.

     

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