Concepts and Terms
SPA 461 and 561. Fluency Disorders / Stuttering
Stephen B. Hood, Ph.D.
Review of Concepts and Terms: Helpful Hints for the Examinations
- A-V-M – KYMR, RTSE, NNTH
- Adjustment to fluency
- Anticipatory Avoidance - Anticipatory Struggle
- Advertising
- Attitudes and Feelings
- Audible-Inaudible
- Avoidance -vs- Escape
- Basal Fluency Level
- Between-Word Disfluencies
- Blockages and Closures
- Cancellation (erase and fix)
- Classical -vs– Operant
- Conflict (Sheehan) "analogy to a tug of war"
- Core Features
- DAF
- de-awfulize – demystify – de-horriblize
- Demand Speech - Display Speech
- Desensitization (emotional and behavioral)
- Disrhythmic Phonations
- Episodic - Cyclical -vs- Chronic
- Exteriorized Stuttering/Interiorized Stuttering
- FEBS
- F-I-D-T
- Fixations
- Fixed - Variable reinforcement schedules
- Fluency enhancers (light contact, gentle onset)
- Fluency Failure
- Fluency Levels: Phonologic, Syntactic, Semantic, Pragmatic
- Fluency Shaping -vs- Stuttering Modification
- Fragmentation
- Freezing – and "staying in the moment of stuttering"
- Freezing and Releasing
- Frustration Tolerance
- Gearing Up and Gearing Down
- GILCU
- Hard Contacts
- Interiorized -vs- Exteriorized Stuttering
- Intermittent Stuttering
- Intermittent Reinforcement
- Interrupter Devices
- Johnson (normal nonfluency) -vs– Brutten (fluency Failure)
- Language of Self Responsibility
- Law of Effect
- Levels of Fluency: phonologic, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic
- MIDVAS
- Molar Moments -versus- Molecular Types
- National Stuttering Association (NSA)
- "Normal Nonfluency" -vs- "borderline/mild" stuttering
- Nowness
- Part-Word Repetition (sound-syllable)
- PFAGH + Wf+Sf
- Positive - Negative Reinforcement
- Postponemenrt
- Overt - Covert
- Phonologic, Pragmatic, Semantic, Syntactic Fluency
- Predisposing - Precipitating - Maintaining Factors
- Preparatory Set
- Proprioceptive Monitoring (high stimulus speech)
- Pull-Out
- Punishment
- PWS
- Ratio - Interval
- Recoil
- Safety Margin
- Schedules of Reinforcement: Ratio/Interval, Fixed/Variable
- Secondary Features / Secondary Behaviors – Accessory features/behaviors
- Secondary Gain
- Secondary Guilt
- Shadowing
- Shame and Guilt
- Single-Syllable Whole Word Repetition
- Speech Rate - Articulation Rate
- Speeding Tickets and Talking Tickets
- Spontaneous Recovery
- Starters (verbal)
- Stress: interpersonal, situational. Linguistic
- Stuttering Foundation of America (STA)
- Stuttering Home Page
- Stuttering Modification - Fluency Shaping
- Stutter-Like Disfluencies (SLD)
- Tense Pauses
- Time Pressure
- Timers (gestural)
- Turtle Talk (three components to this)
- Vocalized-Nonvocalized
- Voluntary Stuttering (advertising, pseudostuttering)
- Within-Word Disfluencies
